Geography of India by Brainsnippers | Notes of Geography of India Point Wise for Exams | India's Geography Notes in Detail | Geography by Brainsnippers
Geography of India - Introduction
Different Names of India
In ancient times, after defeating the non-Aryans or Aryans of the southern part of the Himalayan Mountains by the branch named Bharat, that land was named after the Bharat Branch itself and the river flowing northwest of it was named Sindhu.
Over time, the Iranians called it Hindu and the country Hindustan, while the Greeks called the Indus River the Indus and the country where the river flows named 'India'.
At present, the country is known by both the names 'Bharata' and 'India' in the world.
India's Geography
There are four regions in the mainland of India, namely the Mahapavarta region, the plains of the Ganges and the Indus, the desert region and the southern peninsula.
There are three ranges of the Himalayas, which are almost parallel.
It has large plateaus and valleys among them, some of these valleys like Kashmir and Kullu are fertile, wide and full of natural beauty.
Some of the highest peaks of the world are in these mountain ranges.
Due to the high altitude, it is possible to go through only a few passes, the main ones of which are - Jalepala and Nathula Pass on the main Indo-Tibetan trade route through Chumbi Valley, northeast of Darjeelingkalpana (Kinnaur) northeast, Shipki La Pass in the Sutlej Valley.
The mountain wall is about 2,400 km. Spanning a distance of 240 km to 320 km.
India and Myanmar in the east, and mountain ranges between India and Bangladesh are very low.
The Garo, Khasi, Jaintia and Naga hills, which extend from east to west, join a series of Mizo and Rakhine hills extending from north to south.
The desert region in India can be divided into two parts. The large desert extends from the boundary of the Rann of Kutch to the north of the Luni River. The whole border of Rajasthan Sindh passes through it. The small desert region stretching from Luni to the northern terrain between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur, the area between the large and small deserts is very barren with stony terrain separated by a lime stone mountain.
Geological formations
Geological fields broadly follow physical characteristics and can be grouped into three regions:
Himalayan mountain range and their associated mountain groups.
India-Gangetic plain region
Peninsular region
Himalayan mountain region in the north and Naga lushai mountain in the east are the areas of mountain building activity. Most of the area that currently represents the world's most beautiful mountain view was in the maritime zone 600 million years ago. In a series of mountain-building activities that began 7 million years ago, sediments and base rocks reached considerable heights. The weathering and uppermost worked in generating the emergence of these today.
The Indo-Gangetic plain is an alluvial tract that separates Himachal in the north from the peninsula of the south.
The Peninsula region is a region of relative stability and occasional seismic disturbances. Highly metamorphic rocks dating back to 380 million years ago are found in this area, the rest of the area is bounded by the coastal region of Gondwana, the terraced structure and small sediments to the south formed by the flow of lava.
Geographical location of India
India is located in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, covering an area of 32,87,782 sq km between 804 'North Latitude 3706 North Latitude and 6807' East Longitude to 97025 'East Longitude in the Northern Hemisphere.
Thus its latitudinal and longitudinal expansion is about 300.
'Indira Point', the southernmost point of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands off the mainland of India, is located at Great Nicobar at 6030' North Latitude.
The 8201/2 eastern longitude runs roughly through it, which is also the standard time of the country.
Its length is 2,933 km from east to west and 3,214 km in length from north to south.
The length of its terrestrial range is 15,200 km and the length of the aquatic range including the island is 7516,6 km.
The length of the marine boundary of the main surface is 6100 km.
If the Andaman-Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands are also included, India's coastline becomes 7516.6 km.
India is the 7th largest country in the world (in terms of area). There are 6 big countries -
Russia,
Canada,
China,
USA,
Brazil and
Australia.
In contrast, India is 4 times larger than Pakistan, 6 times France, 9 times Germany and 23 times larger than Bangladesh.
The southernmost part of India is just 876 km from the equator.
The shape of India, located in the largest continental Asia in terms of area and population in the geomorphology, is not completely triangular in shape and it is located north of the equator.
The Tropic of Cancer passes through almost its central part.
The regions through which the Tropic of Cancer passes through are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
The country's standard time is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich time.
The difference of local time between Arunachal Pradesh and Saurashtra is 30x40 = 120 minutes i.e. two hours because Arunachal Pradesh is east of Saurashtra, so sunrise will be there first.
The entire India is located in the northern hemisphere.
On the Indira Call in the north-west in India, the country's terrestrial border connects Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and China while China and Myanmar border with the Indian border on the far north-eastern corner.
Its southernmost point lies in the Andaman-Nicobar Islands, which is currently known as Indira Point.
Its former names are La Hing, Pigmellium point and Parson point.
The total length of the country's border with the islands is 7516,6 km.
The country is currently a union of 28 states and 8 union territories.
Its territorial waters range up to 12 nautical miles measured from the line at the base while the distance to the enclosed area is up to 24 nautical miles ahead of the territorial waters.
In this area, India has the right to manage sanitation, collect customs, etc.
The country's solitary economic zone is 200 nautical miles ahead of the annexed area, which is allowed to do scientific research and build artificial islands and exploit natural resources.
The area of the country is only 2.42 percent of the total area of the world, but about 16 percent of the world's population lives here.
Boundaries of the country
India's terrestrial borders come with China and Nepal to the north, Afghanistan to the northwest, Pakistan to the west, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east, and Bhutan to the north-east.
India's borders with Pakistan to the west and Bangladesh to the east are artificial or man-made, while India's borders with the other countries - Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
The east side of India is a part of the high Himalayas that serves as the international border between India and China. It is known as the McMahon line.
The northern-most part of India lies on the far north eastern corner where the borders of India, China and Myanmar merge.
The Indian states that touch the border of Pakistan and India are - J& K, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.
While the border of Afghanistan only touches the state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The states bordering India and China are - Jammu touches the state of Kashmir.
The states bordering India and China are - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
The borders of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram touch Myanmar to the north-east.
The Indian states bordering Bangladesh and India are Mizoram, Tripura, Assam, Meghalaya and West Bengal.
Presently 9 states and 5 union territories of India are bordered by sea coastline.
These states are Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal.
The Union Territories of Puducherry, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu are bordered by sea.
India's longest terrestrial border is with China while the shortest terrestrial border is enclosed with Bhutan.
In this way, India's position is very important and India has a central position at the top of the Himalayan ranges and the Indian Ocean.
The nearest neighbors of India are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Myanmar and Bangladesh. Sri Lanka is also a neighborhood in the Indian Ocean, separated by the Palk Strait.
A neighboring country like Bhutan depends on India through a special treaty and its responsibility for defense, development etc. is on India.
The nearest neighbor of India across the seas is Sri Lanka, which is separated from the Palk Strait India.
Similarly, the second closest neighboring country of India is Indonesia.
The Great Channel separates Sumatra Island in Indonesia and Great Nicobar Island in India.
Maldives is another neighboring country of India which lies to the south of Lakshadweep.
Comments