Cellular Respiration | What is Cellular Respiration in BIOLOGY? | What does Cellular Respiration do? | What are the four steps of Cellular Respiration? | Explain Cellular Respiration in detail?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION IN SHORT
The process of generating energy as a result of oxidation of food in living cells is called cellular respiration. It is a catabolic activity that can occur in both the presence or absence of oxygen. The energy that is released during this activity is stored and stored in a biomolecule called ATP, which is used by the organism in its various biological functions. This biochemical activity occurs every day and night in the cells of both plants and animals. Cells use glucose, amino acids and fatty acids as food substances to oxidise the atom of oxygen to take electrons.
CELLULAR RESPIRATION IN DETAIL
Respiration
Respiration is a biological activity in which sugars and fats are oxidized and energy is released. This energy helps in performing various functions of the body. In this process, ATP and CO2 are released. Thus, respiration in the larger form is a combination of all the processes by which energy is produced in the body.
Respiration is a compound form of activities in which oxygen is transported from the external environment to the body's cells, where it is used to oxidize cellular fuel (glucose) in the presence of specific enzymes at several stages to produce bio-energy (ATP). Is done and the carbon dioxide produced by this action is then removed from the cells outside the body.
Oxidation of glucose molecules in respiration occurs in cells. That is why it is called cellular respiration.
Complete cellular respiration can be divided into two stages -
1. Anaerobic respiration and
2. Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration:
This is the first stage of respiration, under which partial fission of glucose occurs in the absence of oxygen. By this action two molecule pyruvate is formed from one molecule glucose. This action takes place in the cytoplasm and each step of it is stimulated by specific enzymes. In this activity, since there is partial fragmentation of the glucose molecule, only a small part of the energy contained in it is released. The remaining energy is stored only in the bonds of pyruvate. The position next to the pyruvate can be of the following three types -
(i) Pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. This action is called Fermentation, which occurs in Yeast.
(ii) Lactic acid is formed from pyruvate in muscles in the absence of oxygen. The accumulation of lactic acid in excess in muscle cells causes pain. This is the reason cramp occurs in the muscles after running or running too much.
(iii) Complete oxidation of pyruvate occurs in the presence of oxygen and CO2 and water are formed. Since this action takes place in the presence of oxygen, it is called pneumatic respiration.
Aerobic respiration:
The pyruvate formed in the first phase of respiration moves into the mitochondria for complete oxidation. Here fission of pyruvate occurs in the presence of oxygen. The pyruvate molecule containing three carbon is broken down to form three molecules of carbon dioxide. Along with this, water and chemical energy are also released, which get stored in ATP molecules. The energy generated by the ATP fragmentation, conducts various bio-functions within the cell.
Respiration in plants
Respiration-gases exchange in plants is caused by diffusion action by the surface of the body.
For this, stornatas of husbands from the oxygen-rich atmosphere enter the plants through the lenticels and intercellular spaces on the bark of old tree trunks.
The roots of plants receive oxygen from the air located in the spaces between soil particles.
The root hairs that grow from the epidermal cells, originating from the roots, spread among the soil particles.
With the help of these basic follicles, the roots absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Old roots lack such basic follicles. Lenticels are found in such roots like hard skin of the stem.
Respiratory gases are exchanged through these gases.
For this reason, the plant dies due to long-term water logging in the roots of the plants.
Aquatic plants also take oxygen from water by diffusion and release CO2 gas after respiration.
The mechanism of exchange of gases in plants is very simple.
The direction of exchange of gases in plants depends on their requirements and environmental conditions.
Plants use CO2 gas from respiration during the day in photosynthesis.
Therefore, oxygen is replaced by CO2 in place of CO2 gas.
Since photosynthesis does not take place at night, CO2 gas comes out of the pores by respiration.
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